
develop meaning by building upon the readers’ sequential reactions. In the introduction to his anthology, Kramer lists some of the defining characteristics of the genre. Mark Kramer, the co-editor of an anthology of literary journalism, has said the genre has been a “know-it-when-you-see-it form” that began with Daniel Defoe in the 1700’s and includes Mark Twain, Stephen Crane, John Steinbeck, Norman Mailer, Truman Capote, Tom Wolfe and Joan Didion. The works may come as books, magazine stories or newspaper articles. Often, stories focus on human nature and the events of daily life, and they read like a work of fiction. A writer applies literary techniques – such as scene setting, plot, dialogue and characterization – to tell the story she has reported.
Stories that qualify as literary journalism usually result from immersion reporting. No matter what the alias, a work of literary journalism is distinct from a standard feature article. Some call it literary non-fiction, narrative journalism, creative non-fiction or dramatic non-fiction.
Narrative non-fiction travels under many names.